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| 1814 |
| | | José San Martín becomes commander of the patriot army of Argentina, replacing Manuel Belgrano | |
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| 1814 |
| | | Francia becomes dictator of Paraguay and for the next 26 years seals his nation off from the rest of the world | |
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| 1814 |
| | | The Spanish recapture Caracas, after which Bolívar moves southwest to advance on Bogotá, now held again by the Spanish | |
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| 1814 |
| | | Spanish forces at Rancagua defeat a Chilean army commanded by Bernardo O'Higgins, who escapes across the Andes into Argentina | |
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| 1814 |
| | | Bolívar recaptures Bogotá from the recently returned Spanish troops | |
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| 1815 |
| | | Brazil is given equal standing with Portugal, forming together the Kingdom of Portugal and Brazil | |
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| 1815 |
| | | The Spanish recover Bogotá yet again and Bolívar flees into exile in Jamaica | |
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| 1816 |
| | | The independence of Argentina is formally proclaimed, dropping any pretence of remaining loyal to the Spanish king | |
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| 1817 |
| | | San Martín and O'Higgins lead an army through the Andes into Chile and capture Santiago | |
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| 1817 |
| | | O'Higgins is elected the 'supreme director' of independent Chile after San Martín declines the post | |
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